Awọn oloro cytotoxic jẹ ẹgbẹ awọn oloro ti iṣẹ wọn nlo ni idinamọ tabi didi awọn ilana ti pipin sẹẹli pathological ati idagba awọn ohun ti o so pọ.
Nigba wo ni a ṣe ilana cytostatics?
Agbegbe akọkọ ti awọn ohun elo ti awọn oloro ni ibeere ni itọju ti awọn egungun buburu ti o ni ijuwe nipasẹ pipin sẹẹli ti ko ni iyọdaju (akàn, aisan lukimia , awọn lymphomas, ati bẹbẹ lọ).
Ni iwọn to kere, awọn ipa ti awọn oògùn ni ẹgbẹ yii ni o ni ifẹri lati pin awọn sẹẹli ti egungun egungun, awọ-ara, awọn membran mucous, epithelium ti apa inu ikun. Eyi gba aaye lilo awọn cytostatics tun ni awọn aisan autoimmune (arthritis rheumatoid, scleroderma, nephritis lupus, arun Goodpasture, lupus erythematosus sẹẹli, ati bẹbẹ lọ).
Gẹgẹbi apakan ti itọju ailera, awọn oògùn cytotoxic ni a le firanṣẹ ni ọrọ ni irisi awọn tabulẹti, awọn capsules, tabi bi awọn injections (inu iṣọn-ẹjẹ, intra-arterial, intraluminal, intravenitreal). Iye akoko itọju naa ni ṣiṣe nipasẹ ibajẹ ti aisan naa, itọju ati tolerability ti oògùn.
Akojọ ti awọn oogun cytotoxic
Cytostatics ti wa ni ipin fun idi ti paṣẹ, ati yi classified jẹ ipo, nitori ọpọlọpọ awọn oògùn ti o jẹ ti ẹgbẹ kanna ni iṣẹ akanṣe ti o ṣe pataki ati ti o munadoko lodi si awọn iyatọ ti o ni iyatọ patapata. Eyi ni akojọ akọkọ ti awọn orukọ ti awọn oogun cytotoxic:
1. Alkylating oloro:
- alkylsulfonates (Busulfan, Treosulfan);
- ethylenimines (Thiotepa);
- awọn itọsẹ ti ailopin (Nimustine, Lomustine, Carmustine, Mystophoran, Streptozotocin);
- chloroethylamines (Chlorambucil, Ifosfamide, Bendamustine, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Trophosphamide).
2. Alkaloids ti orisun ọgbin:
- podophyllotoxins (Teniposide, Etoposide);
- taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel);
- vinaalkaloids (Vindesin, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine).
3. Antimetabolites:
- antagonists ti folic acid (Ralitrexed, Methotrexate);
- Mu awọn antagonists (Cladribine, Fludarabine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine);
- awọn antagonists ti pyrimidine (cytarabine, capecitabine, gemcitabine, fluorouracil).
4. Awọn egboogi pẹlu iṣẹ antitumor:
- anthracyclines (Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone);
- awọn egboogi miiran antitumoral (mitomycin, bleomycin, plikamycin, dactinomycin).
5. Awọn miiran cytostatics:
- awọn itọsẹ ti camptothecin (Irinotecan, Topotecan);
- awọn itọsẹ ti Pilatnomu (Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin);
- Awọn miran (Temozolomide, Altrethamine, Estramustine, Amastrine, L-asparaginase, Dacarbazine, Hydroxycarbamide, Procarbazine).
6. Awọn egboogi monoclonal (Trastuzumab, Ederkolomab, Rituximab).
7. Awọn homonu cytostatic:
- awọn antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate, bicalutamide, flutamide);
- progestins (Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Megestrol acetate);
- estrogens (Polyestradiol, Phosphastrol);
- antiestrogens (Toremifene, Tamoxifen, Droloxifene);
- awọn oludena ti aromatase (Anastrozol, Formestan, Exemestane).
- Awọn agonists LH-RH (Gocerelin, Buserelin, Acipate Leiprolein, Tryptorelin).
Awọn aṣoju cytotoxic fun pancreatitis
Ni aisan to lagbara, awọn cytostatics (fun apẹẹrẹ, fluorouracil) le ṣee lo fun itọju. Awọn ọna ṣiṣe ti awọn oògùn wọnyi ni o ni nkan ṣe pẹlu agbara wọn lati dẹkun išeduro excretory ti awọn sẹẹli pancreatic.
Awọn ipa ti ẹgbẹ ti Cytostatics
Awọn itọju ti o ṣe pataki julọ ni itọju cytostatics ni:
- isonu ti irun;
- igbe gbuuru;
- anorexia ;
- aṣoju;
- eebi;
- orififo;
- ailera ailera;
- o ṣẹ si awọn igbimọ akoko;
- infertility;
- idagbasoke ti aisan lukimia, bbl